RESEARCH PAPER NO. 4, 2010-11 21 September 2010 The age of independence? Independents in Australian parliaments Dr Mark Rodrigues and Dr Scott Brenton Politics and Public Administration Section Executive summary ⢠The dominance of the major parties in Australian politics has lead to the portrayal of independent Members of Parliament as marginal or even irrelevant features of parliamentary representation. First preference votes for major parties in the House of Representatives averaged about 92 per cent in each decade from the 1950s to the 1980s. However, this dropped to an average of 84 per cent in the House elections since 1990, signalling a trend away from major parties. ⢠Against the decline in support for major parties, there has been a slow but steady increase in support for independent candidates in federal and state elections since 1980. The average first preference vote for independent candidates in the House of Representatives increased from under 0.5 per cent in 1963 to about 2.5 per cent in 2010. In state lower house elections, support for independents increased from 3.15 per cent in the 1960s to 5.8 per cent in the 2000s. ⢠However, independents are not completely outside mainstream party politics — our study suggests that successful independent candidates tend to be males with a background in party politics. Some state independents have become independent members at the Commonwealth level. A small number of independents have also gained ministerial positions at the state level. ⢠As there are more independent members with a party background, it could be argued that the influence of the major parties continues to be very strong, even when nonâaligned candidates are successful. The greater number of independents elected has, therefore, not resulted in particularly ‘different’ people being elected, that is, while they are not party insiders, by definition, nor are they political outsiders. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Ms Jenni NewtonâFarrelly, South Australian Parliament Research Library, Dr Bryan Stait, Tasmanian Parliamentary Research Service, Ms Di Sinclair, Northern Territory Parliamentary Library Research Service, Professor Campbell Sharman and Mr Antony Green, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, for their assistance with preparing this paper. Earlier versions of the paper were presented to the Australasian Study of Parliament Group Conference 2009, and published in Australasian Parliamentary Review, Autumn 2010. ISBN 1834â9854 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Defining independents........................................................................................................................ 2 Trends in support for independents ........................................................................................................ 3 Institutional factors ............................................................................................................................. 3 Voting trends ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Broad explanations of the trends away from major parties ....................................................... 10
Date: 21/09/2010 - Collection: Publications - ID: library/prspub/228202 - Source: RESEARCH PAPERS (POLITICS... - Author: RODRIGUES, Mark - BR...